Innovative And Sustainable Business Development

Question: Discuss about the Innovative And Sustainable Business Development. Answer: Introduction A business model can be defined as a clear way through which one can picture how a company operates. Most companies in the contemporary world strive to have as many customers as possible. A business model, therefore, acts as a means of translating the business operation proposition into potential profitability. The business model of a company shows the methods through which the company will use to create revenue and also shows factors that will enable profitability of the business a company wants to venture into. One of the importances of a good business model is that it encourages the perspective investors of a firm or a business venture hence creating a higher profitability probability. Knowledge about business models Business models can be conceptualized as activity based systems varying with the kind or nature of the business and the product being produced by the business. For instance, Hiroyuki Itami and Kazumi Nishino in one of their research report in the Long Range Planning Killing two birds with one stone. They conceptualize a business model as a system of works that firm designs to help it come up with more profits whereby they elaborate a business model by backing it up with delivery systems and learning systems to create high-profit maximization and to elaborate their arguments they use Toyota Company as an example. Toyota's business system is a very exceptional one. Apart from producing cars Toyota also produces parts and sells them. It also maintains a good relationship with its suppliers to ensure soft running and positive profit runs. Theories and what people believe about business models Christoph Zott and Raphael Amit in their scholarly work business model design: an activity system perspective do acknowledge that the more significant and overall objective of a business model is to exploit its potential opportunities and create surplus profits and to create customer fulfillment. With this, they argue out that an activity system in a business model may span boundaries of a company and make it create more surplus profits. (Zoh and Amit, 2010) Conceptualization of business models For one to conceptualize a business model as an activity based system, there are some processes that occur in between. When one wants to conceptualize a business model the one has to address the business concept of the business model and the concept of the model. This should be done with a customer oriented approach since the main problem that is being addressed by the business model is the creation and capturing of customer value and satisfaction (Journal of business models, 2013). Mostly conceptualization of business models comes from previous experiences of the creators of the business model or the managers of the business. During conceptualization, the resources for actualization o the model should be highlighted since the resources are the ones that will determine the successful application of the model and co-creation of value (Neonen and Storback, 2009). The importance of business models The main reason why businesses need to have business models as discussed above is the creation and capturing of customer valuation of a given business. With a business model, a company can integrate the various ways through which it will reach its target consumer base. This helps solve a lot of the static and dynamic problems in business since if well executed then the business will be able to execute its customer base and thus creating surplus profits. The profits in business are used to mitigate risks which are probable to occur in the business. Advantages that come along with business models The company through high profits it creates can pay up for the risk management of the risks it faces. This helps prevent the dynamic problems that may occur to business. A business model also increase customer satisfaction and by so doing the company can cement its consumer base, and with this, the company can ensure its day to day survival in the competition world. The business systems of a company will determine its future invisible assets and help the company modify its capabilities and also make it be able and ready to meet new challenges. (Itami and Nishino, 2010) Some business models concerning the type of business in the procession can also be used to understand how the different firms are venturing into the same business partner. For instance, Mitsuru Kodama came up with a knowledge integration model which is a distinctive model which identifies specifically with the Japanese firms. The knowledge integration model integrates knowledge from both the inside and outside of the firms which are in partnership. With this, the organizations or firms in a partnership will have a good run together operating a business since they are in possession of knowledge of how each of them operates from both the inside and the outside. These kinds of business models create coherence, collaboration, coordination, harmony and unity among the different stakeholders of a business or different firms in a partnership. Such kinds of models together with co-evaluation models also create co-existence and the spirit of togetherness among interested parties and thus incr easing prosperity. (Kodama, 2009) Relationship between innovations and business models For a business model to be a winning one, be effective and be efficient it needs to be innovative and not to stagnate itself with the traditional ways of operation. With the increasingly high speed of innovations and inventions in the contemporary world most, managers when determining a needed business model put a lot of emphasis on the use of current forms of technology. Even the process of business model creation itself has undergone a lot of innovations till today. Most of the business models currently are adapting and conforming to the new web related practices especially within the marketing sector. For instance, nowadays, businesses use Orbits in brokerage instead of the old methods that were being used, ITunes in bundling and thus doing away with the traditional middlemen, Elance.com for reverse auctioning and much more. (Harvard business review, 2015) By the use of this and conformity to the new forms of innovations, most people have been able to understand innovation through their participation in creation and execution of business models. Itami and Neshanic in their research report they define the business model and even back it up with extensively elaborated examples. They emphasize that however good the intentions of a business to attract more customers is it will never work out unless well-designed structures are put in place. To elaborate their argument further, they use Google as one of their examples. One of the characteristics of the Google profit maximization model is that none of its users pay them as a provider of the services it offers but instead Google capitalizes on their presence in its search space by selling its site space out to the advertisers who turn out to be its customers. Example of how business models can be helpful to organizations Another one of the aspects of the Google profit model is that the company has heavily invested in huge in-house server systems and bespoke in-house servers systems to cut on the cost of providing the huge range of services it provides thus attracting more customers and intern making more and even surplus profits(Peter, 2015). Many users are easily attracted to Google because its systems function at a very high speed and because its space can handle huge and great volumes of information. With the huge user base, Google is boasting of customers are attracted to it because of its use they can disseminate their information to a wider area and too many people with lots of ease and also within a short period. Google has also come up with a way through which it creates its system software and by so doing it can get information on how to improve its software and its servers so as to continue creating consumer satisfaction(Erwin, 2013). Killing two birds at a time a research authored by Hiroyuki Itami and Kazumi Nishino is the one that helped me to successfully and efficiently understand better the concept of the business model as an activity based system because it was briefer and had a lot of good and easily understood examples(Mark, 2017). For instance, they use LCD TV, Toyota, and Google as their examples companies that I easily identify with. I use Google in my day to day life, and the sight of it even made the research and the article more interesting to follow up and read. Toyota, on the other hand, is a car brand that is very widely and well known throughout the world and which I know very well, therefore, I had the urge to get to understand what the article was talking about on it. LCD TVs are all over, and the article gave a good and extensive insight on the company and thus made me to understand even better. In addition, they give an extensive explanation and insight of each of their examples in an easily understood manner. Conclusion To conclude my essay, the above work is a progressive prospect that can be used as a quality assertion to footer business models. Using my research many footer models can use it to benchmark themselves for quality assurance since it provides various substantial grounds of creating and developing a good business model though more extensive research should be done to add quality so as to create best outcomes. Bibliography Christoph, Z, Raphael, A. (2010). Long Range Planning. Business Model Design: An Activity System Perspective, 43, 216-226. Citeseerx. (2011). Citeseerx. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Citeseerx: citeserx.ist.psu.edu/edu/viewdoc/download?do=10.1.1.712.1108rep1type=pdf. Cleverism. (2015). Cleverism. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Cleverism: https://www.cleverism.com/business-model-canvas-complete-guide/ Entreprenuer. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Technology. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Entreprenuer.com: www.wnterprenuer.com/article/176530 Erwin, F. (2013). Conceptualization Business Models: Definition Frameworks and Classifications. Journey of Business Models, Vol 1. page 85-105. Hiroyuki, I; Kazumi, N. (2010). Killing Two Birds with One Stone. Long Range Planning, 43, 346-369. Lephana. (2009). umanagement. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from umanagement: www2.leuphana.de/umanagement/csm//business_models_for_sustainability.pdf. Mark, S. (2017). Chron. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Chron: smallbusiness.chron.com/concept-business-model-3866html Mitsuru, K. (2009). Boundaries, Innovations, and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese Firms. Long Range Planning, 42. 463-494. Peter, S. (2015). Dummies.com. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from Dummies: www.dummies.com/business...business/business/business-plan-defining-your-businessmodel Review, H. B. (2015). Business Review. Retrieved April 11, 2017, from hbr.org: https://hbr.org/2015/01/what-ia-a-business-model Suvi, N., Kaj, S. (2009). Business Model Design: Conceptualizing Networked Value Co-Creation. Forum on Services, page 1-7.

Infectious Diseases Disease Control And Prevention Example For Students

Infectious Diseases : Disease Control And Prevention The human body is comprised of an abundance of microorganisms that are considered part of our normal and healthy microbiota.8 Most of these microorganisms are typically not injurious, but under certain conditions or when a patient is immunocompromised, some microorganisms may produce infectious diseases.7 Infectious diseases are ailments caused by the opportunistic pathogens already present in our bodies or other harmful microorganisms that were acquired from traveling, hospitals, outdoors, or encountering another infected human.8 According to Woolhouse and Gowtage-Sequeria, there are 1,407 recognized species of human pathogen, 58% of which are zoonotic and 177 are regarded as emerging or reemerging. 13 The leading public health institute is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and they are responsible for securing and progressing the health of the public by researching known and identifying new infectious diseases, preventing and regulating the spread of infectious diseases, providing accurate information to healthcare communities and to the general public, and implementing strategies to reinforce our public health system.3 Infectious diseases play a crucial role in public health because without the knowledge and analysis of them our population would not have the proper information to assure their health and our healthcare communities would not know what precautions to take when treating a patient with an infectious disease.3 According to the CDC, some of the major infectious diseases world-wide are tuberculosis, malaria, AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, meningitis, and schistosomiasis.3 The disease this case study will discuss is the Ebola virus disease (EVD), ea rlier known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), EVD has an incredibly high risk of death, killing between 25-90% of people infected and because the natural reservoir host of EVD has not yet been identified, the way in which the virus first develops in a human at the beginning of an outbreak is undiscovered however, scientists suspect humans are infected by coming into contact with an infected animal or their bodily fluids such as a fruit bat or primate.11 After the initial contact, the virus is further spread through direct contact via breaks in skin or other mucosal surfaces.11 This virus belongs to the family Filoviridae and contains five different species, but only three of them correlate with the considerable outbreaks in Africa. Those three species are: Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, and Sudan ebolavirus.11 This case study focuses mainly on the species Zaire ebolavirus because it is the deadliest. Outline1 Biography2 Case Summary3 Differential Diagnosis Biography The patient is a 37-year old Australian white male, Ethan Williams, residing in Northmead, New South Wales, Australia with his wife of 5 years. His wife, Zoe Williams, is a 34-year old Australian who previously resided in Sydney before moving to Northmead with her husband. Zoe is a writer for a popular travel magazine based out of Sydney and attended the University of Sydney where she met Ethan. Zoe obtained her Bachelors in Journalism and ended up having a couple of classes with Ethan her sophomore year of college. Ethan is a professional photography journalist who is employed by National Geographic and generally travels to many different countries all over the world. He graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelors of Photography and a minor in Journalism. He is an extremely adventurous and curious person and thoroughly loves to explore the outdoors. In addition to exploring, Ethan also enjoys camping, hiking, diverse culture, astronomy, cooking, and trying new foods. Wh en he travels to different countries for work he often likes to do his own research to discover unique destinations to hike, photograph, and explore during his free time. He also likes to spend time with the natives and discover the best places to try all the ethnic foods of all the different destinations he travels to. Zoe equally enjoys the same hobbies as Ethan does and when she has free time she loves to travel with him on his business trips. Ethan has one younger sister who lives on the other side of Australia in Perth with their parents. He is extremely close to his sibling and parents, but all his travel makes it difficult to see them as often as he would like. Ethan and Zoe do not have any pets or children because of all the traveling they do, but they definitely want to start a family in the future. Media Deprivation Sample Essay3 Food poison is also more prevalent in developing countries like Africa because it is not very industrialized so you have a higher chance of coming into contact with contaminated food and water. Aside from that, Ethan is big on experiencing different foods so it can be assumed that he consumed contaminated food products. Another potential pathogen that should be considered is Cryptococcus, which causes fungal meningitis. This disease is one of the most common causes of adult meningitis in Africa and is thought to be transmitted by inhaling soil contaminated with bird droppings.3 Cryptococcus makes complete sense because Ethan recently traveled to Africa and he may have inhaled soil contaminated with bird droppings while exploring Sierra Leone and photographing all the wildlife, including birds. Finally, malaria can be considered a potential pathogen because traveling to sub-Saharan Africa has the greatest risk of getting malaria and the symptoms of ma laria are similar to those of EVD.3 The primary reasons why all the above pathogens should be considered is due to common symptoms, common place where they can be contracted, and under development of the country.

Management Theories free essay sample

This essay presents several management theories and ideas which can be seen in the Vascellaro article. They include Fayol’s four managerial functions, some ideas about levels of management, Mintzberg’s managerial roles, and challenges for management in the general and global environments, especially achieving a competitive advantage. The essay concludes by considering the implications of Ms Decker’s plan for Yahoo! ’s staff. Managerial functions, levels of management Ms Susan Decker, the president of Yahoo! , will soon unveil a new ‘operational blueprint. ’ A blueprint is a plan or model, so by definition this is part of the planning function. Because the change is a large one – it involves the whole organisation – it is not surprising that it involves the top levels of management. The plan involves centralising the accounting functions of the company’s web services. This relates to the organising function in Yahoo! : we would expect to see more central control of employees who carry out accounting tasks if Ms Decker’s plan goes ahead. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because Ms Decker must ‘sell the plan to employees’ we can regard her as carrying out the function of leading, because leaders have to present a vision or idea to their organisation. The organising function appears again with the mention of the ‘internal shake-up’: the reporting relationships in Yahoo! are being changed ‘to restore confidence’. Presumably Ms Decker believes that new staff rather than the present executives would do a better job of putting her new plan in place. As well, several senior staff (three vice-presidents and several other executives) are leaving, so this means Yahoo will need to allocate their work to other people. The controlling function is not mentioned directly, but at the end of the article we are told that ‘the investment community’ would like to be more confident that Yahoo! has ‘devise[d] new ways to strengthen its brand against Google and to compete for consumers’ increasingly fragmented attention online’. This would require working out exactly how to monitor Yahoo! ’s performance against these goals, but it is not clear from the article what these evaluation mechanisms would be. Mintzberg’s management roles Mintzberg would regard Ms Decker’s development of new web services as part of the entrepreneurial role, since it is a major new project for Yahoo. In addition, ‘selling the plan to staff’ relates to Mintzberg’s ‘spokesperson’ role, and the ‘organisational shake-up’ relates to the ‘resource allocator’ role, because staff have to be assigned to specific projects. If Ms Decker needs to deal with negative perceptions of the investment community, she would be carrying out the ‘disturbance handler’ role. Challenges for management in a global environment Yahoo! is a global company: it operates and competes in more than one country. However the article makes it clear that Yahoo! has had difficulty achieving a competitive advantage against its major competitor, Google. To use the definition given in Waddell et al. (2007: 21-22), Yahoo! is so far not able to ‘produce desired goods or services more efficiently and effectively’ than that particular competitor. Waddell et al. (p. 22) say that the four building blocks of competitive advantage are ‘superior efficiency; quality; speed, flexibility and innovation; and responsiveness to customers’. Yahoo! ’s latest strategy, devising new web services which would appeal to different regions worldwide, appears to be aimed at ‘responsiveness to customers’, and also ‘innovation’, since the regional focus would differentiate Yahoo! ’s web services from Google’s. The organisation’s environment Waddell et al. 2007: 58) say that resources in the organisational environment ‘include the raw materials and skilled people that an organisation requires to produce goods and services’. Several skilled executives have already left Yahoo! , and there are fears that more will leave, so Yahoo! is clearly having difficulty keeping its skilled human resources. Conclusions and implications The article gives good insights into Yahoo’ s situation in its broader environment, the management roles being carried out by its president, and the four management functions at a general level. It does not discuss how Yahoo! ’s employees feel about the changes. However because some are leaving, it is likely that at least some of the remaining employees may be concerned about whether they will also lose their jobs. Even if they stay, they may be worried about having to do the work of their former colleagues. Some may be concerned about the extra work and responsibility, and others may be worried about whether they have the necessary training. All this could give Google, Yahoo! s main competitor, an opportunity to recruit these unhappy staff or the staff who have already left the company. Yahoo! ’s CEO should discuss with the president of its human resource department how to manage this difficult situation.

Food Safety Considered

Food Safety ConsideredA critique of the FDA's blatant failure on food.sat, its fine quality control standards, makes many people wonder about the agency's level of importance for consumer protection. Most consumers are familiar with this sad story of Food.sat's questionable recall of chicken and milk products. But it's far from the only recall the FDA has encountered.Consider the now infamous New England Clam, a delicacy that has been banned in New England and could never have been widely known had it not been for a mislabeled product, the FDA says. Although the agency is particularly proud of this Food.sat recall, it has also been involved in the recall of small quantities of baby food, doughnuts, fruit drinks, ice cream, cookies, chocolate, frozen dinners, infant formula, nuts, frozen entrees, salad dressings, teas, trail mix, yogurt, sauces, and vegetables. And more recently, pasta, breads, and rolls.Because the entire incident over the flap about a New England clam pizza will sur ely remain a blot on the agency's reputation, let me review the news story for a moment. The pizza was mistakenly identified as made with clams instead of clams. When the FDA realized the mistake, it quickly contacted the manufacturer, who in turn quickly recalled the product. Consumer outrage notwithstanding, the whole incident highlights the problem with Food.sat's track record.This underscores another point: the FDA is so busy regulating all kinds of food products that it has neglected to properly regulate food ingredients and food packaging. This is especially disturbing considering the large number of grocery store shelves filled with seemingly 'fresh' foods (some label them 'prepared') which contain potentially harmful preservatives and additives. The story of Food.sat's food recalls may be instructive for those concerned about their own food consumption. By the FDA's own account, it can't keep up with the rising volume of recall calls.The FDA's incompetence in this area is so mewhat understandable because the food industry is highly regulated. So, Food.sat is expected to play by their rules, and the typical foods it is expected to inspect are nearly exclusively those that are consumed by the public. This means that the Food.sat inspectors will be exposed to many of the same foods we all eat every day, and that food ingredients will frequently cross paths. If they don't, they are usually caught by the processor and labeled appropriately.But there is a huge problem with Food.sat's inspection practice, in my opinion. Inspectors rarely try to recreate the food in a laboratory environment or other controlled situation, because the samples are so abundant.What a Food.sat inspector sees on a supermarket shelf will hardly bear close resemblance to what they observe in a laboratory, and Food.sat's inspectors do not have the time, knowledge, or resources necessary to properly replicate every aspect of food production and testing. It would take months for an inspec tor to examine each batch of grocery store food. There are simply too many variables to be able to accurately recreate a given food. Because of this, the Food.sat inspectors are forced to rely on guesswork when they issue recall calls.The FDA is able to evaluate all possible risks and dangers posed by a food item, but because the agency lacks the staff and resources to properly test ingredients, the firm's ability to identify and eliminate such hazards becomes completely meaningless. To put it simply, the Food.sat recall is not proof that the FDA is incompetent. It is proof that the FDA has lost its way. If we want to protect our health and the public, the Food.sat recall should be just the beginning of a more focused Food.sat.

Introduction to Technical Report Writing Essays

Introduction to Technical Report Writing Essays Introduction to Technical Report Writing Essay Introduction to Technical Report Writing Essay Technical report writing is a practical writing that people do as a part of their jobs. It is a different form of writing, both different from and similar to other forms of writing. Technical writing both analyzes and explains in order to communicate with the reader. Definitions: 1. Technical Report Writing aims to get work done, to change people by changing the way they do things. (Killingsworth and Gilbertson) 2. The most critical skill required in today’s business world is the ability to communicate, both verbally and in writing. Effective communication has a direct impact on one’s potential within an organization. † (Bob Collins) 3. Document that records the procedure adopted and results obtained from a scientific or technical activity or investigation. 4. Technical Writing is a specialized, structured way of writing, where information is presented in a format and manner that best suits the psychological needs of the readers, so that they can respond to a document as its author intended and achieve the purpose related to that document. The process of gathering information from experts and presenting it to an audience in a clear, easily understandable form is called technical writing. 5. Technical Writing is the presentation of information that helps the reader solves a particular problem. Technical communicators write, design and edit proposal, web pages, lab reports, newsletters and many other kinds of professional documents. Purpose of TRW Technical report wring is intended to communicate to a specific audience for a specific purpose. Its purpose is to link in you and your boss, you and clients, you and vendors and you and co-workers. Technical writing creates action. When you write successfully a technical correspondence, someone on the other end responds. The purpose of your report and your sense of audience creates tone. PURPOSE (Document) + AUDIENCE (Technical Supervisor / Reader) = TONE (Objective) According to Killingsworth and Gilbertson The purpose of TRW is to enable its reader to act in three ways: By informing 2. By instructing3. By persuading By Informing * To inform * To carry out job responsibilities * People supply or receive information constantly They need to know or explain the schedule time for meeting * The physical description of a new machine * The step in a process * The results of an experience By Instructing TRW instruct when they give readers directions for using equipment and for performing duties. It enables consumers to use their new purchase. Writing tells medical personnel exactly what to do when a patient has a heart attack. By Persuading Technical writers persuade readers to follow a particular course of action. Importance Of Technical Report Writing Technical Writing is a very important part of our work experience for several reasons. * Technical Writing conducts business * Technical Writing takes time * Technical Writing costs money * Technical Writing is an extension of our interpersonal communication skills 1. Technical Writing Conducts Business TW is not a minor but a major part of the work environment because through TW employees: a) Maintain good customer-client relations e. g. Follow-up-letters b) Ensure that work is accomplished on time e. g. Directive memos c) Provide documentation that work has been accomplished e. . Status reports d) Generate income Technical Writing also: a) Keeps Machinery working e. g. maintenance instructions b) Ensures that correct equipment is purchased e. g. Technical descriptions and specifications c) Gives bosses the information they require for persuasive briefings e. g. Summaries d) Gets us jobs e. g. Resumes and e) Informs the world about our company’s product e. g. Sites on the Wor ld Wide Web 2. Technical Writing Takes Time * Average employees spend approximately 20% of their work time just writing memos, letters and various reports. This 20% of work week equals 8 hours spent just writing. * Corporate supervisors not only spend their time writing but also reviewing and revising their subordinates’ writing. 3. Technical Writing Costs Money * Time is money * As employees, if we spend 20% of our work time just writing, means we are paid 20% of our salary just for writing. * Good writing has additional monetary values i. e. if we write good proposals we generate income. * A confusing writing, however, wastes both time and money†¦. it costs the company even if your writing is faulty. 4. Technical Writing is an extension of our interpersonal Communication Skills * When we write a memo, letter or report to convey technical information simultaneously we reveal something about ourselves to our audience. * Therefore, if we write well, we tell them that we can think logically and communicate our thoughts logically. * But if we write poorly we reveal to our audience that we can neither think clearly nor communicate our thoughts effectively. Therefore, TW is an extension of our interpersonal communication skills at work. Our co-workers judge our competence from our writing. Through TW we not only can compose well constructed memos, reports, letters and proposals to our readers to reveal that we know our technical field of expertise and can communicate our knowledge thoroughly, accurately, clearly and concisely but also can motivate the personnel to do particular courses of action. Characteristics of TRW 1. Clarity * A good report is one which is drafted in a simple, clear and lucid language. * There should be no ambiguity as regards the statements made in the report. * A reader should be able to understand the entire report easily, exactly and quickly. Unclear Technical Writing is expensive. 2. Accuracy * The data given and statements made in the report must be based on facts and must be verified carefully. * Report writing is a responsible job as report is used as a reliable document for taking decisions and framing policies. * Thus, report writing should be always accurate, factual and reliable. 3. Comprehensiveness * A lengthy report is not necessari ly a good report. * Report should be a brief and compact document. * It should give complete picture of the problem under investigation. In this sense the report writing should be comprehensive but compact. 4. Accessibility * It means the ease with which the readers can locate the information they seek. * To increase Accessibility * Headings * Lists in the report * A table of contents * Glossary and * Index. 5. Conciseness * The report should be as long as its need of information is necessary * A longer document gets more of the users time * Conciseness creates a balance between the requirements of clarity and comprehensiveness * It must give the audience purpose and object but no extra details. Technical writing can be shortened by eliminating unnecessary phrases and choosing short words and sentences in order to make report effective. 6. Correctness * Good Technical Report must also be correct. * It must be free from grammatical errors like punctuation mistakes†¦. * If a report contains grammatical errors, the reader will doubt the accuracy of the information in the report. * Technical writing is meant to conve y information and to persuade the audience. * To accomplish these goals it must be clear, auccurate, easy to access and must be economical and correct. . Objectivity * A good report should be drafted in an impersonal manner. * Avoid personal feelings. * The report writing should be in third person. * This is necessary as the report is prepared for the benefits of a person who needs it and not for the benefit of the person who prepares it. 8. Complete * A good report should be complete and self-explanatory document. * Repetition of facts, figures, information, conclusions and recommendation should be avoided. * It should give complete information to the readers in a precise manner. All essentialities should be mentioned. The Components of A Research based Technical Report 1. A Descriptive Title * The title must be short, accurate, descriptive and grammatically correct. * It should not be like â€Å"CMSC 44 Course Project† because it is not descriptive. * Avoid cute titles that violate these criteria. * It is better to use two-part titles e. g. An â€Å"Experimental Study using Real and Unreal Approach. † 2. Author name and Affiliation and date * Your Affiliation might be â€Å"Department of Management amp; Computer Sciences, ISRA University, Hyderabad. * You might also like to include the city and state of your affiliation, your email address, and URL (Uniform Resource Locator). * Note if there is any punctuation. 3 . An informative Abstract * An informative abstract of approximately 200 words * Make sure that your abstract is informative * It should serve as a substitute for your paper * Briefly summarize your main findings * Concretely summarize, do not introduce * Immediately get to the point in the first sentence * Do not give any reference in the abstract * Do not begin the abstract with weak or boring phrase Abstract should be informative yet understandable to the most researchers in your general field. 4. A List of Appropriate keywords * These keywords should identify the field of your report and its major topics. * Make it too clear, what words and phrases should someone use to find your report. * Be specific, and use only standard phrases. * Many journals use THREE levels of keywords: a) General Terms b) Subject Descriptors amp; c) Implicit Terms (phrases that act as proper names). 5. Body of Technical Report * Write a clear, informative and thoughtful description and critique of what you did. Where appropriate, include carefully drawn graphs and diagrams * Be sure to motivate, present and interpret your findings. * Focus on the scientific content of the project. * Identify and explain interesting and important phenomena. * Emphasize what is new about your project 6. Acknowledgements * Acknowledge any help you received including the use of equipment if any. * Be specific 7. Complete and accurate list of references * Give a complete and accurate list of references cited in the technical report. * There are THREE reasons for citing works: ) To give credit where credit is due b) To be helpful to the reader to identify useful related work and c) To identify the context and background of your work. * List and number referenc es by alphabetical order of author name. * When citing references in the body of the report, always explain why the reference is being cited. * Do not cite previous work without critically explaining how it relates to your work. * Better mention the author name in the textual citation, followed by the corresponding reference number e. g. â€Å"In 1976, Diffie amp; Helmen proposed the concept of X. Y. Z

Engineering Materals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Engineering Materals - Essay Example Crevice corrosion is a localized and geometrically controlled form of corrosion. They are the products of situations containing a stagnant solution and corrosion friendly microenvironments. This type of corrosion can occur between rivet heads, lap joints, in threads and anywhere a small crevice is formed in which at least one side is a metal. As in all types of corrosion, an anodic reaction: exists which propagates over the entire surface. However, the geometry of the crevice restricts cathodic reaction such that the dissolved oxygen cannot be replaced. Thus the region within the crevice becomes exclusively anodic while the region outside becomes cathodic. An electric imbalance result attracting the negative ions into the crevice. The small size of the crevice screens the incoming ions such that the concentration of the chloride and the hydrogen ions increases within the crevice. The pH of the solution within the crevice decreases from 6 to as much as 2 or 3. This increased acidity causes further corrosion within the crevice resulting in massive material erosion from within the crevice region. In most cases, crevice corrosion is not visible from the outside and this hidden nature makes inspection as well as rectification difficult. This is schematically represented in the figure shown: Pitting corrosion is a form of localized corrosion as it does not spread laterally across an exposed surface rapidly but penetrates into the metal very quickly, usually at an angle of 90o to the surface. Stagnant solution conditions favor pitting corrosion. The presence of halide ions, chloride, fluoride bromide and iodide, can all pit metals. The most aggressive ion depends on the metal and ion combination. The effect of pitting is to cause holes on the metal surface which can corrode a large amount of material from the surface. The mechanism of pitting can be divided into two processes – the initiation

How telecommunication has shaped the work place Assignment

How telecommunication has shaped the work place - Assignment Example Other pertinent information contained in the white paper could be cited as an authoritative source backed by statistical information and encompasses different organizations on a global sphere. The annual report published by Deloitte presented crucial information regarding three significant drivers of change in the global setting: technology, media and telecommunications. From among the noted predictions under telecommunications include: (1) the preponderance of $100 smartphones; (2) technological devise with near field communications (NFC) capabilities would double in growth; (3) web bypass would predominate emphasizing visual connectivity without the need for Internet access; among others. The information contained herein is relevant in the current research in terms of clearly identifying future trends which have significant impacts in the work setting through its impact on current telecommunications resources used by contemporary global organizations; as well as the need to adapt, adjust, and upgrade, as identified. The authors aimed to determine the impact of smartphones in the health care work settings by initially providing an overview of the development of smartphones. Likewise, the authors expounded on assessing how smartphones were instrumental in transforming the work setting in health institutions through the various applications that were initially offered and which caters to the health care environment. The apparent distraction from tasks were closely examined through a SWOT analysis. The findings revealed some detailed guidelines and best practices to monitor and control the use of smartphones and ensure their beneficial applications within the health care setting. This article is useful in the current study particularly in identifying how a telecommunications application, through the smartphone, has significantly affected and shaped the